Анжела Иванова
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- Имя
- Анжела Иванова
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- Брянск
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- bryanskgroup.ru/
- О себе
- Брянск — город в Российской Федерации, административный центр Брянской области и Брянского района. Брянск расположен на западной окраине Среднерусской возвышенности, на обоих берегах реки Десны при впадении в неё Болвы и Снежети. Население — 410 837 чел. (2013). 25 марта 2010 года Указом Президента Российской Федерации Дмитрия Медведева Брянску присвоено почётное звание «Город воинской славы». Впервые город упоминается в Ипатьевской летописи как «Дьбрянск» под 1146 годом, позднее — в Воскресенской, Лаврентьевской, Троицкой летописях и других источниках. Название города Брянск произошло от древнерусского слова «Дьбряньскъ», образованного от слова дьбрь. Древнерусское слово дьбрь/дебрь означает «горный склон, ущелье, ров, долина или низина, поросшие густым лесом и кустарником». По закону падения слабых еров ерь между д и б выпал, а сложное сочетание дб упростилось до б. Точная дата основания Брянска неизвестна. Археологические данные, полученные при раскопках старого городища на Чашином кургане в 1976—1979 годах, указывают на то, что город на территории нынешнего Брянска возник в последней четверти X века. Исходя из этих данных, условным годом основания Брянска считают 985. В XIII веке (возможно, после нападения монголо-татар) город был перенесён с Чашина кургана на Покровскую гору. Древний Брянск входил в состав Черниговского княжества. После разрушения монголо-татарами в 1239 году Чернигова, Новгорода-Северского и других городов Черниговского княжества, его центр в 1246 году был перенесён в Брянск, таким образом было образовано Брянское княжество, а первым брянским князем стал Роман Михайлович, наследником которого должен был стать его сын Олег. Однако после пострижения последнего в монахи, брянский и черниговский столы остались вакантными, и Брянск перешёл под власть смоленских князей. В 1310 году Брянск был опустошён татарами, приведёнными князем Василием Александровичем против своего дяди Святослава Глебовича. В 1356 году литовским князем Ольгердом Брянск был присоединён к Великому княжеству Литовскому. В 1500 году взят войсками Ивана III и присоединён к Русскому государству. В начале XVI века вспыхнула война с Польшей, в ходе которой Брянск выступал как опорный пункт русских сил. Много лет Брянск был яблоком раздора между Речью Посполитой и Русью. Название города присутствовало почти в каждом мирном договоре. В 1607 году город дважды подвергался нападению со стороны Лжедмитрия II. В первый раз город был сожжён, чтобы не достаться «вору», к концу же года отстроен практически заново. Несмотря на постоянную военную угрозу, город рос, население увеличивалось. В 1616 году население города насчитывало 497 человек, а в 1622 году воевода князь Долгоруков отписывал, что в городе уже 1069 способных носить оружие. С XVII века Брянск оказался на перепутье важнейших торговых путей, связавших Украину с Москвой; с этого времени начинается бурное развитие торговли. При Петре I город был заново укреплён. На Десне была заложена корабельная верфь, на которой строились суда Брянской флотилии для похода против Турции. В 1783 году в Брянске основан арсенал для изготовления осадной и полевой артиллерии. В 1709 году город вошёл в состав Киевской губернии, с 1727 года в составе Севской провинции передан в Белгородскую губернию, а с 1778 года вошёл в новообразованное Орловское наместничество (с 1796 — губернию). В XIX веке Брянск становится центром так называемого Брянского промышленного района; в 1873 году возникает Акционерное общество Брянского рельсопрокатного, железоделательного и механического заводов, в последней четверти XIX века в Брянске формируется крупный железнодорожный узел. В 1920—1929 годах был центром Брянской губернии, с 1930 года — город областного подчинения (в составе Западной области). 10 рублей (2013) — памятная монета из цикла 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